Mit JS:
<script type="text/javascript">
function f(o, i){
o = o.elements[i];
var n = o.parentNode;
while (n.nodeName.toLowerCase() != "div"){
n = n.parentNode;
}
if (n.nodeName.toLowerCase() == "div"){
alert(n.id);
}
}
</script>
<form name=foo>
<div id=a><input type=text name=a1></div>
<div id=b><input type=text name=b1></div>
<button type="button" onclick="f(this.form, 'a1')">check</button>
</form>