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Even though they have escaped the sort of lasting infammy
attached to the name of German Vandali, they have fared little
better in the historical record. As 'savages' or 'barbarians' on the
northern periphery of the classical world, even today Illyrians
barely make the footnotes in most versions of ancient history,
and more often than not they are simply ignored. Readers
generally familiar with the worlds of ancient Greece and Rome
are likely to suspect, and rightly so, an attempt to adjust
this balance of the historical record, not least because, as the
playwright said, it is the only version they know. There seems
little to be gained from seeking to create a picture of Illyrians
that does not adopt a perspective of them as peoples on the
periphery of the Mediterranean worlds of Greece and Rome.
On the other hand, it is now less acceptable to order descrip-
tions to such geographically marginal societies according to
such categories 'Hellenized', 'part-Romanized'.
These labels convey simplistic notions of a diffusion of
all material innovation and development from a advanced
centre to a more primitive periphery , trough varieties of direct
or indirect contact. Happily, we can now seek an esacape from
such narrow confines through the increasing archaeological
evidence for Illyrians and their way of life. Not that it can be
claimed that archaeologists and other students of prehistoric
societies are free from a liking for traditional explanations of
change and development, among wich diffusion and migration
continue to enjoy special favour. While we have to accept that
an authentic and comprehensive account of Illyrians will remain
out of reach for the foreseeable future, the evidence now avail-
able justifies an interim statement. We may best begin with a
reconnaissance of progress in Illyrian studies. 2'
For all that Wiliams Shakespear's Twelth Night was set in
a 'city of Illyria', two centuries were to elapse before the name
appeared on the map of Europe. By the Treaty of Schönbrunn
on 14 October 1809 a large tract of land east of Adriatic,
including Carinthia, the Istrian peninsula and the Dalmatian
coast, was ceded by Austria to the Napoleonic kingdom of
Italy to be ruled with the title of the Illyrian Province.